Influence of organic diet on the amount of conjugated linoleic acids in breast milk of lactating women in the Netherlands

L. Rist¹, A. Mueller², C. Barthel², B. Snijders³, M. Jansen⁴, A. P. Simões-Wüst¹, M. Huber⁵, I. Kummeling³, U. von Mandach⁶, H. Steinhart² and C. Thijs³

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to find out whether the incorporation of organic dairy and meat products in the maternal diet affects the contents of the conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) and trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) in human breast milk.

To this purpose, milk samples from 312 breastfeeding mothers participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study have been analysed. The participants had documented varying lifestyles in relation to the use of conventional or organic products. Breast milk samples were collected 1 month postpartum and analysed for fatty acid composition.

The content of rumenic acid (the main CLA) increased in a statistically significant way while going from a conventional diet (no organic dairy/meat products, 0·25 weight % (wt%), n 186) to a moderately organic diet (50–90% organic dairy/meat, 0·29 wt%, n 33, P¼0·02) and to a strict organic diet (.90% organic dairy/meat, 0·34 wt%, n 37, P#0·001).

The levels of TVA were augmented among the participants with a moderately organic diet (0·54 wt%) and those with a strict organic diet (0·59 wt%, P#0·001), in comparison with the conventional group (0·48 wt%).

After adjusting for covariables (recruitment group, maternal age, maternal education, use of supplements and season), statistical significance was retained in the group of the strict organic dairy users (P,0·001 for rumenic acid).

Hence, the levels of CLA and TVA in human milk can be modulated if breastfeeding mothers replace conventional dairy and/or meat products by organic ones. A potential contribution of CLA and TVA to health improvement is briefly discussed.


Source
British Journal of Nutrition (2007) 97: 735–743


Author Locations and Affiliations
(1) Research Department, Paracelsus Hospital Richterswil, Bergstrasse 16, CH-8805 Richterswil, Switzerland
(2) Institute of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
(3) Department of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (Nutrim) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
(4) TNO Nutrition and Food Research, P.O. Box 360, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
(5) Louis Bolk Institute, Hoofdstraat 24, NL-3972 LA Driebergen, The Netherlands
(6) Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland


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Posted August 2007